A directional coupler is a passive device used in radio frequency (RF) and microwave systems to split or combine RF power flowing in transmission lines. It's designed to direct signals in specific directions while minimizing the effect on the main signal path.
These couplers typically consist of four ports: input, output, coupled, and isolated ports. The input port connects to the main signal path, and a fraction of the input signal power is coupled to the coupled port while the rest continues to the output port. Meanwhile, the isolated port provides a way to terminate the unused signal or dissipate it as heat, effectively isolating it from the main path.
Directional couplers find various applications, including signal monitoring, power measurements, impedance matching, and signal distribution in RF systems. They come in different configurations and designs, such as stripline, microstrip, waveguide, and others, catering to specific frequency ranges and power levels.
These devices play a crucial role in ensuring signal integrity, enabling efficient power distribution, and facilitating measurements in various RF and microwave systems.
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